| dc.description | Diarrhoea is one of the most likely reasons of young beef calves become sick or die. Calf
scours is a complex disease, with many interrelated causes, agent, host, and
environmental factors collectively explain scours, and these factors interact dynamically
over the course of time.(David R. Smith, 2007).
The first week of life is a critical period for the newborn calf and is generally associated
with a mortality rate of 10%. Diarrhoea is one of the major causes of mortality in
newborn calves, the incidence of diarrhea in calves under one month ranges brtween 15
to 20%, the greatest risk occouring during the first two weeks of life. Neonatal calf
diarrhea is an important source of economic losses for the farmer. (S. Vandeputte et al.,
2010).
Neonatal calf diarrhoea is a multifactorial disease which despite decades of reaserch on
the topic born alive in 2002, and diarrhoea remains the most common cause of death in
young calves.The overall mortality in prewened heifer calves was 10.5% calves born
alive in 2002, and diarrhoea accounted for 62.1% of calf losses (UDA,2002). Ingrid
Lorenz 2006. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Calf diarrhosea is a common problem in cattle farms of Bangladesh. Indiscriminate
use of antibiotic to control the disease results drug resistance and limits the therapeutic
possibilities in the treatment of the disease. The research work was conducted to Isolate
, Identify and characterize the bacterial pathogens causing calf diarhoea. The study was
conducted on 125 faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of diarrhoeic calves
during the period of December, 2011 to June, 2011 brought for the treatment in the
District and Upazilla hospitals under Nilphamari District to find out the occurrence
of pathogenic bacteria. Out of 125 fecal samples exmined for bacterial isolates, the
number and frequency of distribution in percentage for positive samples were 35 (28%)
for E.coli, 11(8.8%) for Salmonella spp and 79 (63.2%) was negative for bacteria
(Nutritional and other than bacterial causes involved).The frequency response of E.coli
and Salmonella to microscopic examination and specific biochemical tests were 79.54%
and 20.46% respectively. Isolation and identification of the microorganisms were
confirmed on the basis of their morphology staining, cultural, biochemical and
serological properties. Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated organisms were also studied.
All the E.coli isolates were found to produce bright pink colonies on MacConkey agar
and characteristic yellow green metallic sheen colonies on EMB agar. Salmonella
produced opaque, translucent and colorless colonies on SS agar but on BGA it produced
pale, pink color colonies against pinkish background.The results of MR and Indole tests
of E.coli isolates were positive, V-P test was negative. In case of Salmonella MR test was
positive but V-P and Indole test were negative. The antibacterial sensitivity study
revealed that these two isolates were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacillin,
Azithromycin, Cefotaxime; moderately sensitive to Gentamicin, Pefloxacin, Cefotaxime,
Colistin sulphate, Erythromycin, Carbinicillin; Less sensitive to Tobramycin, Bacitracin,
Erythromycin, Colistin sulphate, Doxycycline, Carbinicillin, Cefotaxime and resistant to
Amoxycillin , Ampicillin & Tetracycline. The findinings of the experiment indicates that
the use of Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, Cefotaxime may have the
preference to be choice in clinical control of Salmonella and E.coli causing calf
diarrohoea in Bangladesh. | en_US |
