ALLELOPATHY AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOME JUTE-WHEAT CROP FIELD WEEDS

Abstract

The allelopathic effect of three important weeds viz. Mutha (Cyperus rotundus), Chapra (Eleusine indica) and Khude Anguli (Digitaria ischaemum) on germination, growth and development of Jute (Chorcorus capsularis) seedlings were studied. Three important weeds viz. Bathua (Chenopodium album), Bisli ghas (Striga densiflora), Shetodrone (Leucus aspera), extracts were studied on germination, growth and development of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings in laboratory with the attempt for chemical investigation. The boiled and unboiled extracts were prepared from whole plant of all the six weed species along with water as control. Bioled and unboiled exracts of all the weed species under test significantly reduced and delayed the germination of Jute and Wheat seeds in compared with control. The highest germination (85.3% and 96%) and maximum growth of Jute and Wheat were observed in seeds with control, respectively. But the effect of boiled and unboiled extracts of Bathua (Chenopodium album) and Khude Anguli (Digitraia ischemum) showed the lowest germination in Wheat and Jute seed respectively. The root and shoot length of Jute and Wheat were also decreased in presence of the weed extracts. The maximum root and shoot length were 2.54 cm and 2.31 cm in jute seedlings under control and incase of Wheat seed 9.42 cm and 6.08 cm root and shoot length, respectively But the lowest root length with boiled and unbolied extracts were 0.47 cm and 0.76 cm and the lowest shoot length were 0.98 cm with boiled extracts observed in seedlings of Jute.The lowest root plus shoot length (0 cm)of Wheat were recorded with unboiled extracts of Bathua. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) examination of crude extracts of Khude Anguli showed four separate components at hexane:ethylacetate (20:1, v/v) and the crude extracts of Bathua showed three separate components at hexane:ethylacetate (10:1, v/v). The Ry value of detected component were 0.769, 0.596, 0.327, and 0.192 cm in Khude Anguli and 0.740, 0.203, and 0.074 cm in Bathua respectively. It appears that Khude anguli and Bathua were very harmful for the germination, growth and development of Jute and Wheat crop respectively.