| dc.contributor.advisor | Dr. Md. Abdul Hakim | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ibrahim, Ahmed Hassan | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-04-25T03:07:12Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-04-25T03:07:12Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-06 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/815 | |
| dc.description | Water quality is one of the major environmental determinants that affect the ecosystem,
agricultural production and socio economic development of a country (Dang et al.,
2014; Islam et al., 2016). Bangladesh possess about 5,049,785 ha irrigation based
agricultural land which demands sufficient water supply from ground water (80.60%) and
surface water (19.40%) for irrigation to defend the crop‟s growth and agricultural
yield (Shahid et al., 2006; Hasan et al., 2007; Rahman et al., 2014; Vyas and Jetho,
2015; FAO, 2011) .
Carbonate, bicarbonate, magnesium, calcium, sulphate, and hardness are significant ions
which at high concentration can alter suitability of irrigation water for use (Choudhary et al.,
2007). Cations including sodium, calcium and magnesium mainly affect the groundwater
quality for use in irrigation and other purposes. At low concentrations some cations are
beneficial for crop while at high concentration they can alter the irrigation water quality and
soil which exerts toxic effects to plants and thus the management task becomes more
difficult (Mitra et al., 2007). Water quality is mainly altered in dry climates because of high
evaporation rate and deficient leaching of deposited salts (Qayyum, 1970). The useable
irrigation water quality is not identical all over the world but also depends on crops type and
permeability of climate and soils. Hence irrigation water quality criteria developed by US
salinity laboratory have followed in many countries to evaluate the usability of water in
agricultural production (Khalil and Arther, 2010; Richards, 1954). Water used for irrigation
can also vary greatly in quality depending upon the type and quantity of dissolved salts. In
irrigated agriculture, the hazard of salt water is a constant threat. Poor-quality irrigation water
becomes more concern as the climate changes from humid to arid conditions. Salts are
originated from dissolution or weathering of rocks and soil, including dissolution of lime,
gypsum and other slowly dissolved soil minerals. For example, the average yield of wheat
decreased by 24% (Datta et al., 2000), rice decreased by 39% (Bai, 1988), vegetables
decreased by 30% (Chang et al., 2001), and corn decreased by 21% (Lindhjem, 2007) over
normal yield when poor quality water was used. The major irrigation water is judged by four
important measures of salinity hazard, sodium hazard, toxicity hazard and residual sodium
carbonate hazard (Michael, 1978). In most irrigation situations, the primary water quality
concern is salinity levels, since salts can affect both the soil structure and crop yield. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Groundwater samples collected from Kaharole Upazila, Dinajpur, Bangladesh in dry seasons
of the year 2019 were analyzed for their quality and suitability for agricultural, industrial,
drinking (groundwater) purposes. We analyzed the pH, EC, cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+
, K+
,
Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+,and Fe3+ ), anions (CO3
2-
, HCO3
-
, NO3
-
, SO4
2-
, PO4
3-
and Cl-
) and TDS (total
dissolved solids). The several variables such as SAR (sodium adsorption ratio), SSP (soluble
sodium percentage) RSC (residual sodium carbonate) and hardness were calculated to
evaluate the suitability of groundwater supply for specific uses. The assessment of water
quality is one of the important tools for sustainable envelopment and provides decisive
information for water management. In identifying water availability for irrigation, knowledge
is required on both the quantity and quality; nevertheless, quality need has often been
neglected especially in developing countries. Quality should generalize how substantially a
water supply fulfils the needs of the planned user and must be assessed based on its suitability
for the proposed use. The quality of groundwater is determined by various physicochemical
properties and chemical indices. Chemical properties of groundwater are controlled by
natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, to monitor the quality
of groundwater for irrigation purposes, in depth understanding of hydro geochemistry of the
water is required since different ions in water have contrasting impacts on soil. The water
having high sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) when used for irrigation heighten exchangeable
sodium percentage (ESP) in the soil thereby adversely affecting the soil structure leading to
decrease in infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, enhance surface runoff and erosion.
Moreover, the poor-quality water causes impairment in crop growth as high salt
concentration in irrigation water results in osmotic stress and ion toxicity in plants. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR. | en_US |
| dc.subject | Suitability Assessment | en_US |
| dc.subject | Groundwater for Irrigation | en_US |
| dc.title | Suitability Assessment of Groundwater for Irrigation in Agricultural Fields of Kaharole Upazila of Dinajpur, Bangladesh | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
