CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM CALF DIARRHOEA WITH ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF IDENTIFIED FIELD ISOLATES

Abstract

Calf diarrhosea is a common problem in among small, medium and large cattle farms of Bangladesh. High economic loss occurs due to calf diarrhea. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic to control the disease results drug resistance and limits the therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of the disease. The research work was conducted to Isolate, Identify and characterize the bacterial pathogens causing calf diarhoea. The study was conducted on 114 faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of diarrhoeic calves’ dairy farm and brought for the treatment in the District and Upazilla hospitals under Panchagarh District to find out the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria. Out of 114 fecal samples exmined for bacterial isolates, the number and frequency of distribution in percentage for positive samples were 84 (73.7%) of them for E.coli 44(38.6%), Salmonella spp 25(21.9%), Staphylococcous 15(13.2%), other bacteria 18(15.8%) and 12 (10.5%) was negative for bacteria (Nutritional and other than bacterial causes involved).The frequency response of E.coli , Salmonella and Staphylococcous to Microscopic examination and specific biochemical tests were 58.6%, 31.3% and 10.01% respectively. Isolation and identification of the microorganisms were confirmed on the basis of their morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical properties. Antibiogram of the isolated organisms was also studied. All the E.coli isolates were found to produce bright pink colonies on MacConkey agar and characteristic yellowish green metallic sheen colonies on EMB agar. Salmonella produce opaque, translucent and colorless colonies on SS agar but on BGA it produces pale, pink color colonies against pinkih background. Staphyloccous produce growth of circular, small, smooth, convex and golden yellowish colonies on Nutrient agar, produce hemolysis on blood agar media and Staphylococcous agar no.10 media produce yellowish colonies. The Staphyloccous were produced acid. The change of color from reddish to yellow indicated acid production. In TSI agar slant, yellow slant, yellow butt, absence of gas bubbles and absence of black precipitate, The results of MR test positive, V- P test negative, Indole test negative.The results of MR and Indole tests of E.coli isolates were positive; VP test was negative. In case of Salmonella MR Test was positive but VP and Indole test were negative. The antibiogram study revealed that these three isolates were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin, Gentamicin, moderately sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Enrofloxacin and resistant to Amoxycilli, Ampcillin, Penicillin and Bactericin. The findinings of the experiment indicates that the use of Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin and Gentamicin may have the preference to be choice in clinical control of Salmonella, E.coli, and Staphyloccous causing calf diarrohoea in Bangladesh.