| dc.description | Rice cultivars have a variety of seed pericarp colors owing to black,
brown, green, and red pigment deposition (Furukawa et al. 2006; Kang et al.
2006; Reddy et al. 1995; Sweeney et al. 2006). Among the various colors of
rice, black rice is characterized by dark purple pericarps in seeds with high
levels of anthocyanins. During rice seed development, purple pigments of
anthocyanin accumulate rapidly in the pericarp, resulting in the
characteristic dark purple grains of black rice (Abdel-Aal et al. 2006; Reddy
et al. 1995; Shao et al. 2011). Previous genetic investigations have shown
that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside are the two
primary anthocyanins pigment deposited in the seed pericarps of black rice
(Abdel-Aal et al. 2006; Hu et al. 2003; Jang and Xu 2009; Kim et al. 2007;
Kim et al. 2011; Zhu et al. 2010). The pericarp pigmentation of black rice
requires two genes, PURPLE PERICARP A (Pp, Prpa and Prp!/) and
PURPLE PERICARP B (Pb, Prpb and Prp2) located on chromosomes 1 and
4, respectively (Hu et al. 1996; Oryzabase, www. gramene.org; Wang and
Shu 2007; Wang et al. 2009; Yoshimura et al. 1997). The Pp gene acts in a
complementary fashion with the Pb gene for the production of purple
pericarps in rice (Hsieh and Chang 1964; Wang and Shu 2007). However,
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were Oryza sativa L. japonica var. ‘Heugnambyeo’ and O. sativa L.
Japonica var. ‘Heugnambyeo’, while the white pericarp rice O. sativa L.
Japonica var. ‘Hwayongbyeo’, O. sativa L. japonica var. ‘Ishikari’, O.
sativa L. japonica var. ‘Ilpumbyeo’, and O. sativa L. indica var.
‘Kumgangbyeo’ were used as wild-type controls. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | The purple pericarp color in rice was controlled by two dominant
complementary genes, Pb and Pp. Crossing black rice ‘Heugnambyeo’
variants with three varieties of white pericarp rice gave a segregation ratio
of 9 purple: 3 brown: 4 white. The Pp genes were segregated by
homozygous PpPp alleles for the dark purple pericarps, heterozygous Pppp
alleles for the medium and mixed purple pericarps, and homozygous pppp
alleles for either brown or white pericarps with a 1 PpPp: 2 Pppp: | pppp
segregation ratio, indicating that the Pp allele in rice is incompletely
dominant to the recessive pp allele. Among the purple seeds, the amount of
cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was higher in the dark purple seeds (Pb_PpPp) than
in the medium purple seeds (Pb Pppp). Moreover, no cyanidin-3-0-
glucoside was detected in brown (Pb pppp) or white pericarp seeds
(pbpbpppp). These findings indicated that the level of cyanidin-3-0-
glucoside was determined by the copy number of the Pp allele. Further
genotype investigation of the F; progeny demonstrated that the dominant Pb
allele was present in either purple or brown pericarp. A 2-bp (GT) deletion
from the DNA sequences of the dominant and functional Pb was found in
the same DNA sequences of the recessive and non-functional pb allele.
These findings suggested that the presence of at least a dominant Pb allele | en_US |
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