SURVEILLANCE OF AVIAN INFLUENZA TYPE A IN DUCKS AT NIKLI AND BAJITPUR UPAZILA OF BANGLADESH

Abstract

The study was carried out to investigate the antibody level of Avian Influenza Type A in duck in blood serum through Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Essay (ELISA) and to detect the presence of viral RNA in cloacal sowab. The study was conducted from July 3013 to December 2013 and sample was collected September — October 2013 and the laboratory test was done in December 2013.A total 368 blood serum sample and 75 cloacal swab sample ware collected from farm and back —yard duck and tested in the laboratory by Indirect ELISA and RT-PCR respectively of which 332 were positive and 36 were negative . The overall prevalence rate was 90.21%.The prevalence of avian influenza (AI) type A in back yard duck was slightly higher (91.17%) than farm duck (90.11%). In considering the age limit young duck was more sero-positive than adult duck. Prevalence rate at age 4.5, 5, 5.5 & 6 month is 10.39%, 25.81 %,17.39% & 19.51 % respectively and at age 8, 10 & 12 month is 8.15%, 6.52 % & 2.44 % respectively. On location basis prevalence was higher at Nikli (93.51%) than Bajitpur (86.88) upazila.It can implies that the prevalence rate is going to almost same in farm duck and back-yard duck. For analysing the result based on location it possess that both two upazilla posses high prevalence rate as 93.51% for Nikli and 86.88% in Bajitpur respectively. In case of cloacal sample by using Real Time RT-PCR after comparing the result it is implies that positive case (Prevalence) rate was 13.33% that posses that Avian Influenza Virus can remain in the environment and and _has possibility to infect surrounding poultry and other birds. After analysis of ELISA & PCR result it can be assumed that the duck of the concerned area was highly reservoir source of Avian Influenza Type A in Bangladesh.