| dc.description | Fruits are the unparallel bounties of the nature to the whole mankind. And the
plentiful fruit species of the orb have vast structural, functional, species and genetic
diversities in their fruits too. These eventually enriched variations in their different
organoleptic traits. Even, distinctions in their food values, weights, shapes, sizes,
shelf-lives, utilities, other chemical natures, etc. are quite striking. So, humans enjoy
great degrees of liberties for assortments of fruits to suit with their diverse choices. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Three laboratory investigations were conducted with the lemon butterfly Papilio demoleus,
Papilionidae, Lepidoptera at the Department of Entomology, and Agricultural Chemistry,
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during May to
September 2009. In the first experiment, the biology of the butterfly was studied having 3
feeding treatments having 10 replications with the medium matured leaves of its 3 host
plants: wood apple/bael, Aegle marmelos L.; elephant’s apple/koth bael, Feronia limonia L.
and Lime/ pati lebu, Citrus aurantifolia L. Here, the premating period, mating period, preoviposition period, oviposition period, fecundity, hatching of eggs, incubation period, food
consumption, excreta, length, breadth, weight and period of different larval instars, pupal
length, breadth, weight and period, adult male and female body length, breadth and weight
and adult longevity were studied carefully. In the second one, the toxic effects of the medium
matured leaf extracts of the 3 species: marigold, Tagetes erecta L.; ata, Annona reticulata L.
and korobi, Nerium oleander L. having 3 concentrations: 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% with one
control, were explored. Here, the studied features were direct toxicity in 5" instar larvae. In
third one, the chemical investigation of ata leaf extract was done. The first investigation
showed that the premating periods were statistically different with food sources ranging from
2.24 + 0.05 to 2.12 + 0.04 days. The longest mating period was recorded when reared on
Koth bael. The oviposition periods were statistically notable having the span of 2.5 + 0.10 to
2.0 + 0.00 days. The highest number of eggs (22.50 + 1.20) and the percent egg hatching
(96.89 + 2.56) was found when reared on Pati lebu and the poorest number of eggs (18.25 +
1.56) and percent egg hatching (91.33 + 3.41) were experienced when reared on Koth bael.
Significantly, the topmost food consumptions (0.58 + 0.06), (1.65 + 0.03), (2.90 + 0.34),
(3.80 + 0.22) and (4.25 + 0.29) g were found in the1*, 2"4, 34, 4" and 5" instars, respectively
when reared on the Pati lebu leaves. Conversely, the lowest food consumptions (0.38 + 0.02),
(0.72 + 0.12), (1.75 + 0.10), (1.98 + 0.14) and (2.60 + 0.10) g were recorded when reared on
Koth bael for those instars, in that order. Again, in the * 4" and 5 instars, the maximum
amount of the wet excreta (0.259 + 0.05), (0.431+ 0.067) and (1.713 + 0.20) g were weighed
when reared on Pati lebu while the least (0.141 + 0.43), (0.223 + 0.038) and (0.996 + 0.36) g
were measured in bael. In the 5" instar, the highest (39.64 + 0.51) and the lowest (36.32 +
0.65) mm larval lengths were noted in Pati lebu and Koth bael but the highest breadth (9.36 +
0.0.29) mm was recorded in Pati lebu that was similar to Bael (8.80 + 0.0.36) mm and the
poorest (8.34 + 0.0.1) mm was found in Koth bael. The range of the 1“, 2™, 4" and 5" instars
larval periods were 5.82 + 0.21 to 5.50 + 0.18, 4.58 + 0.21 to 4.38 + 0.10, 2.78 + 0.18 to
2.50 + 0.25 and 4.66 + 0.28 to 4.24 + 0.28 days in Koth bael and Pati lebu, respectively.
Significantly the highest pupal length (31.64 + 0.43) mm was recorded when reared on Pati
lebu, which was identical to that of Koth bael (31.62 + 0.32) mm and the lowest pupal length
was found in Bael (30.68 + 0.25) mm. The highest adult male length (25.92 + 0.19) mm was
found in Pati lebu and the lowest (24.72 + 0.29) mm was in Koth bael. The highest adult
female length (27.40 + 0.43) mm was experienced in Pati lebu and the shortest (25.90 + 0.40)
mm was in Koth bael. The second study vividly pointed-out that the leaf-extracts played a
vital role in suppressing the butterfly. Among those, the extract of ata leaf showed better
performance in suppressing both at 0.50 and 1.00% over the control. Furthermore, the third
experimental result suggested that the TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) of ethanol extract
of common ata leaf showed distinctly three compounds, which might play notable roles for
the toxicity and these were designated as S;, S2, and S3. | en_US |
