| dc.contributor.advisor | Dr. Md. Fazlul Hoque | |
| dc.contributor.author | KABIR, MD. ANAMUL | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-04-23T04:20:12Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-04-23T04:20:12Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2011-12 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/553 | |
| dc.description | Cattle population in Bangladesh is about 24.5 million, which is about 1.79% of the world
and 5.47% of Asian countries (FAO, 2004). In the rural area, cattle are kept mainly for
draught purpose. Only a limited number of farmers have cow for milk production.
Maximum cattle are nondescriptive type, which do not belong to any specific breed and
termed as indigenous cattle. These animals are kept mainly in the stall with limited
grazing on the roadside, embankment slope; fallow land and paddy straw are their staple
food. Husbandry practices and health care of these animals are poor (Jabbar and Raha,
1984). Accordingly, dairy industry has not been developed in Bangladesh mainly due to
scarcity of pasture land, and only limited numbers of Government and Military dairy
farm have been established in this country. The average milk production of local cows is
very low and it varies between 300 to 400 liters per lactation period of 180 to 240 days.
Such low productivity of indigenous cows is an important constraint for future
development of the livestock sector. High productive exotic breeds and their crosses
normally do not have adequate resistance against the prevalent diseases. They do not
thrive well in our environment. In spite of all these problems, some people have shown
interest for development of small dairy farms. Generally crossbred cows under village
condition yields 600 to 800 liters if milk per lactation of 210 to 240 days (Islam, 1992).
Bangladesh suffers from an acute shortage of livestock products like milk, meat and
eggs. The domestic demand for milk has been rising faster than the domestic production
of milk. Hence Bangladesh Government has given the priority on the development of
dairying at farmer’s level to increase the supply of milk from small dairy farms. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | The study on calf morbidity and mortality of small holder's dairy farm condition and its
bacteriological investigation is undertaken of calves up to 6 months of age maintained at the 200
farms of Rangpur sadar upazila during one year period from September 2010 to August 2011. Out
of 792 cross breed and local calves examined, 462 (58.33%) were found to be morbid, of which 171
(21.59%) cases died and 291 (36.74%) calves recovered with appropriate therapeutic management.
The mortality rate was found to be highest in Local x Friesian (29.15%), followed by mixed crosses
(24.26%), Local x Sahiwal (17.07), Local x Jersey (16.67) and lowest in local calves (07.02%). Male
calves (22.62%) showed higher rate of mortality than female calves (20.43%). Both the morbidity
(66.03%) and mortality (27.72%) rates in calves between 0 to 30 days old were found to be
significantly (P<0.01) higher in comparison to the aged between 31 to 90 days (morbidity 52.27%
and mortality 16.48%) and aged between 91 to 180 days (morbidity 48.61% and mortality 15.28%).
Thus higher calf mortality rate occurred during the first month and decrease in mortality rate with
the increase in age. Although the morbidity rate was found to be significantly (p < 0.01) higher
during rainy (81.09%) season in comparison to winter (56.09%) and summer (45.23%) seasons but
the mortality rate was found higher during summer (21.07%), followed by winter (18.84%) and
lowest during rainy (14.39%) seasons. Twenty types of diseases and disorders were diagnosed on
clinical examination which was associated with 58.33% morbidity rate of calves but the necropsy
and laboratory examinations detected 16 types of specific diseases and disorders which were
associated with 21.59% mortality rate of calves. Bacteriological study revealed that mixed infection
with E. colt, Staphylococcus spp and Bacillus sp. were associated with the bacterial pneumoenteritis
in calves. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of different bacteria isolated from various organs of calves
died of pneumoenteritis revealed that isolates of Staphylococcus were found sensitive to tetracycline
(33.34%), isolates of E. coli were found to 6e resistant to penicillin (100%), ampicillin (75.00%)
Bacillus isolate was found to be resistant to tetracycline (100%), gentamicin (100%). The results of
the antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that none of the tested antibiotic was found effective against
all the bacterial agents associated with pneumoenteritis in calves. Ampicillin and gentamycin could
be the drug of choice for Staphylococci, tetracycline for E. coil and penicillin and ampicillin for gram
positive Bacillus sp. However, routine laboratory isolation and drug sensitivity test being
impractical but periodic check, on the pattern of the drug sensitivity of the organisms would be
significant; otherwise indiscriminate use of the drugs may lead to serious hazards of drug resistance. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR | en_US |
| dc.subject | Digestive disorders | en_US |
| dc.subject | Respiratory disorders | en_US |
| dc.subject | neumoenteritis | en_US |
| dc.title | STUDY ON CALF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY UNDER SMALL HOLDER’S DAIRY FARM CONDITION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO BACTERIAL INFECTION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
