OSTRICH (Struthio camelus) PRODUCTION THROUGH NUTRITION, BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS AND IMPROVING REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE UNDER THE FARMING CONDITION IN BANGLADESH

Abstract

Ostrich farming is gaining increasing attention in Bangladesh as an alternative and profitable enterprise to traditional livestock systems. The ostrich (Struthio camelus), known for its fast growth, high feed efficiency, lean red meat, and large eggs, holds considerable potential for commercial-scale farming. However, the development of ostrich farming in Bangladesh is constrained by limited scientific knowledge, a lack of species specific management practices, and suboptimal reproductive outcomes. This dissertation was designed to comprehensively assess the biological, behavioral, nutritional, and reproductive parameters of ostriches reared under semi-intensive farming systems in Bangladesh, with a view to identifying strategies for improvement and long-term sustainability. The study consisted of six integrated components. First, a baseline survey identified the major bottlenecks and opportunities within the emerging ostrich farming sector. Second, the effects of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation on growth performance and survivability of ostrich chicks were examined. Third, behavioral patterns and social interactions of captive ostriches were studied to better understand ethological needs under farm conditions. Fourth, detailed carcass analysis was performed to evaluate meat yield and nutritional composition. Fifth, ostrich eggs were examined for physical characteristics and nutrient content. Sixth, reproductive challenges and hatchability under artificial incubation were investigated. Results revealed that feed cost, breeder performance, technical limitations, and lack of veterinary support are critical constraints. Methionine (0.2%) and lysine (0.15%) supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Ethological observations identified clear diurnal activity cycles, mating behaviors, and social hierarchies that influence welfare and productivity. Meat analysis showed high protein (22.4%) and low fat (1.8%) levels, and eggs exhibited large size, strong shells, and nutrient-dense yolk. Hatchability through artificial incubation reached 68.2%, although early embryonic mortality remained a key concern. This research provides foundational knowledge that supports scientific management of ostriches in subtropical climates. It offers practical recommendations for enhancing productivity and reproductive success, while informing policy and extension strategies for promoting ostrich farming as a viable agribusiness in Bangladesh.