| dc.description.abstract | A cross sectional study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of
zoonotic bacterial pathogen in pet birds (pigeon, parrot, budgerigar
or love birds & quail). The study was done in selected areas of sadar
upazilla at Dinajpur district during the period of July 2016 to June
2017). A total of 81 pet birds including 40 pigeons, 20 parrots, 12
budgerigar or love birds and 9 quails were selected and samples were
collected in relation to different socio demographic variables (age,
sex, breed, body weight, diet history, hygienic condition &
vaccination). A total of 243 samples consist of Cloacal swab (81), Oral
swab (81) and Feces (81) were examined and 5 types of potential
zoonotic bacteria were isolated from pet birds. The organisms were
isolated by using standard microbiological method. The results were
determined by the average microbial load in plate count agar. In case
of pigeon, highest total viable count (TVC) was found in male (young)
10.40±0.10 cfu/g and the lowest TVC was found in female (young)
9.71 ±0.41 cfu/g. In case of parrot, the highest TVC was found in
male (young) 10.54±0.26 cfu/g and the lowest TVC was found in
female (adult) 9.09±0.29 cfu/g. In case of budgerigar or love birds the
highest TVC was found in male (young) 10.53±0.26 cfu/g and the
lowest TVC was found in female (adult) 9.09±0.29 cfu/g. In case of
quail, highest TVC was found in female (adult) 10.63±0.17 cfu/g and
the lowest TVC was found in female (young) 9.37±0.57 cfu/g. The
overall prevalence of potential zoonotic pathogens in pigeon out of
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120 samples, E. coli (17.5%), Salmonella spp (10.83%), Shigella spp
(15.83%), Klebsiella spp (13.13%) and Staphylococcus spp (15%)
were found respectively. Out of 60 samples (Cloacal swab=20, Oral
swab=20 and Feces=20) of parrot, the prevalence was E. coli
(18.33%), Salmonella spp (15%), Shigella spp (11.67%), Klebsiella
(18.33%) spp and Staphylococcus spp (11.67%) respectively. In case
of budgerigar out of 36 samples (12 Cloacal swab, 12 Oral swab and
12 Feces) the prevalence were found E. coli (19.44%), Salmonella
spp (19.44%), Shigella spp (8.33%), Klebsiella spp (13.88%) and
Staphylococcus spp (8.33%) respectively. In case of quail Out of 27
samples (9 Cloacal swab, 9 Oral swab and 9 Feces) the prevalence
were found E. coli (77.78%), Salmonella spp (66.67%), Shigella spp
(66.67%), Klebsiella spp (77.78%) and Staphylococcus spp (66.67%)
respectively. The prevalecne of isolated bacteria was statistically
significant (P<0.05) in relation to diet and hygienic condtion in
pigeon. Again the prevalence of isolated bacteria was statistically
significant (P<0.05) in relation to age, bodyweight, hygienic
condition and vaccination in budgerigar and in relation to hygienic
condition in quail respectively. On the other hand the prevalence of
isolated bacteria in pigeon was not statistically significant (P>0.05) in
relation to age, sex, bodyweight, breed and vaccination. In case of
Parrot the prevalence of isolated bactria was not statistically
significant (P>0.05) in relation to all socio-demographic variables
studied. In case of love bird the prevalence of isolated bacteria was
statistically significant (P<0.05) in relation to age, sex, breed and
body weight. On antibiotic sensitivity test 18 antibiotics were used
against five isolated bacteria. Gram negative bacteria i.e E. coli,
Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Klebsiella spp were sensitive to
Erythromycin, Cephalexin, Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol,
Kanamycin, Cefixime, Cefradine, Ciprofloxacine and Levofloxacine
whereas gram positive bacteria i.e Staphylococcus spp was sensitive
to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Vancomycin and
chloramphenicol. Isolated bacteria were resistant to Penicillin G,
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Azithromycin, Amoxycillin, Cloxacillin, Bacitracin, Tetracycline,
Collistin and Neomycin. Since, pet birds play a vital role in the
transmission and maintenance of zoonotic pathogens leads to
interactions of public health concern. Pet birds infections with
zoonotic potential should not be overlooked, considering the major
health impact on the population including children.
Key words: Potentially zoonotic pathogen, pet bird, prevalence,
antimicrobial resistance, colony forming unit | en_US |
