PREVALENCE OF POTENTIALL ZOONOTIC BACTERIA FROM HOUSEHOLD PET BIRDS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AT DINAJPUR DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH

Abstract

A cross sectional study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogen in pet birds (pigeon, parrot, budgerigar or love birds & quail). The study was done in selected areas of sadar upazilla at Dinajpur district during the period of July 2016 to June 2017). A total of 81 pet birds including 40 pigeons, 20 parrots, 12 budgerigar or love birds and 9 quails were selected and samples were collected in relation to different socio demographic variables (age, sex, breed, body weight, diet history, hygienic condition & vaccination). A total of 243 samples consist of Cloacal swab (81), Oral swab (81) and Feces (81) were examined and 5 types of potential zoonotic bacteria were isolated from pet birds. The organisms were isolated by using standard microbiological method. The results were determined by the average microbial load in plate count agar. In case of pigeon, highest total viable count (TVC) was found in male (young) 10.40±0.10 cfu/g and the lowest TVC was found in female (young) 9.71 ±0.41 cfu/g. In case of parrot, the highest TVC was found in male (young) 10.54±0.26 cfu/g and the lowest TVC was found in female (adult) 9.09±0.29 cfu/g. In case of budgerigar or love birds the highest TVC was found in male (young) 10.53±0.26 cfu/g and the lowest TVC was found in female (adult) 9.09±0.29 cfu/g. In case of quail, highest TVC was found in female (adult) 10.63±0.17 cfu/g and the lowest TVC was found in female (young) 9.37±0.57 cfu/g. The overall prevalence of potential zoonotic pathogens in pigeon out of vi 120 samples, E. coli (17.5%), Salmonella spp (10.83%), Shigella spp (15.83%), Klebsiella spp (13.13%) and Staphylococcus spp (15%) were found respectively. Out of 60 samples (Cloacal swab=20, Oral swab=20 and Feces=20) of parrot, the prevalence was E. coli (18.33%), Salmonella spp (15%), Shigella spp (11.67%), Klebsiella (18.33%) spp and Staphylococcus spp (11.67%) respectively. In case of budgerigar out of 36 samples (12 Cloacal swab, 12 Oral swab and 12 Feces) the prevalence were found E. coli (19.44%), Salmonella spp (19.44%), Shigella spp (8.33%), Klebsiella spp (13.88%) and Staphylococcus spp (8.33%) respectively. In case of quail Out of 27 samples (9 Cloacal swab, 9 Oral swab and 9 Feces) the prevalence were found E. coli (77.78%), Salmonella spp (66.67%), Shigella spp (66.67%), Klebsiella spp (77.78%) and Staphylococcus spp (66.67%) respectively. The prevalecne of isolated bacteria was statistically significant (P<0.05) in relation to diet and hygienic condtion in pigeon. Again the prevalence of isolated bacteria was statistically significant (P<0.05) in relation to age, bodyweight, hygienic condition and vaccination in budgerigar and in relation to hygienic condition in quail respectively. On the other hand the prevalence of isolated bacteria in pigeon was not statistically significant (P>0.05) in relation to age, sex, bodyweight, breed and vaccination. In case of Parrot the prevalence of isolated bactria was not statistically significant (P>0.05) in relation to all socio-demographic variables studied. In case of love bird the prevalence of isolated bacteria was statistically significant (P<0.05) in relation to age, sex, breed and body weight. On antibiotic sensitivity test 18 antibiotics were used against five isolated bacteria. Gram negative bacteria i.e E. coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Klebsiella spp were sensitive to Erythromycin, Cephalexin, Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol, Kanamycin, Cefixime, Cefradine, Ciprofloxacine and Levofloxacine whereas gram positive bacteria i.e Staphylococcus spp was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Vancomycin and chloramphenicol. Isolated bacteria were resistant to Penicillin G, vii Azithromycin, Amoxycillin, Cloxacillin, Bacitracin, Tetracycline, Collistin and Neomycin. Since, pet birds play a vital role in the transmission and maintenance of zoonotic pathogens leads to interactions of public health concern. Pet birds infections with zoonotic potential should not be overlooked, considering the major health impact on the population including children. Key words: Potentially zoonotic pathogen, pet bird, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, colony forming unit