Isolation and Characterization of Multiple Drug Resistant Bacteria from Waste Water of Hospital and Non-Hospital Environment

Abstract

A huge amount of antibiotics are normally used in hospital for patient care and disinfection which potentially raising antibiotic resistant bacteria in the liquid hospital waste that can also transmitted to non-hospital environments through drainage system. The current study was aimed to isolate and characterize multiple drug resistant bacteria from waste water of hospital and non-hospital environments. For this purpose the present research work was conducted during the period of (July-December) 2017 from untreated hospital and non-hospital waste water of different areas of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. A total 20 samples were randomly collected and analyzed through different bacteriological, biochemical, molecular and antibiotic susceptibility testing. All 20 sample were 100% positive with one or more isolates, total 55 bacterial isolates were isolated, among them 32(58.2%) were from hospital environment and 23(42.1%) were from nonhospital environment. Result of total viable count showed that maximum countable bacteria (2.20×1010 ) CFUs/ml that were from MARMCH Site-2 and minimum number of countable bacteria (1.0×1010 ) CFUs/ml was isolated from sample of Kalitola. Among the isolates E.coli 16(29%), Pseudomonas spp 12(21.8%), Klebsiella spp 9(16.4%), Salmonella spp 8(14.5%), Staphylococcus spp 5(9%) and Vibrio spp 5(9%) were identified. Multi drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa was characterized from hospital waste water by 16s rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic sensitivity study revealed that among the hospital isolates, about (83.3%) were resistant against Ampicillin, followed by Amikacin, Kanamycin and Penicillin (77.8%). On the other hand, non- hospital isolates were resistant against Amoxicillin and Penicillin (66.7%) followed by Ampicillin and Vancomycin (58.3%). Both hospital and non-hospital isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin respectively 72.5% and 75%. The findings of the experiment clearly suggested that hospital waste water contained more MDR bacteria than non-hospital waste water which are released into receiving water bodies that may cause serious threat to public health. Reducing indiscriminate use of antibiotics in both hospital and non-hospital settings and use of waste water treatment plant (WTP) in hospital may reduce this problem.