| dc.description.abstract | Urinary tract infection is a commonly encountered disease during pregnancy that can result in
critical and costly complications for both mother and fetus which urge the need for timely
detection and prevention. The study aimed to determine the frequency of uropathogens and
their antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urine sample from pregnant women in different
hospital at Dinajpur district. The urine samples were randomly collected from 100 patients of
different Hospitals and Diagnostic Center in Dinajpur district. A total of 75 bacteria isolated
from urine samples of 33 patients and identified by conventional methods. 80% of total
isolated organisms were found to be gram negative while remaining 20% were gram positive.
Among gram negative E. coli was the most frequent bacteria. The percentages of gram
negative isolates were E. coli (40%) followed by Klebsiella spp (21.33%), Proteus spp (12%)
and Pseudomonas spp (6.67%). The percentage of gram positive isolates includes,
Staphylococcus spp (16%) and Streptococcus spp (4%). Molecular techniques used for the
characterization of E. coli include; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), phylogenetic
typing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), random amplification of
polymorphic DNA (RAPD), comparative genomic hybridization, single-nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs), optical mapping, and whole genome sequencing (Sabat et al., 2013).
The antibiotic resistances of identified organisms were carried out by disc-diffusion method
with commercially available 20 discs of antibiotics having different mode of actions such as
cell wall synthesis inhibitors, membrane permeability alternatives, protein synthesis
inhibitors and DNA synthesis inhibitors. Gram negative showed more resistance to these
antibiotics as compared to gram positive organisms. The sensitivity rates of isolated gram
negative bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%), and
Levofloxacin (100%), Gentamycin (80%), Neomycin and Colistin (70%), Amikacin (40%),
Kanamycin (20%). The isolates were resistant to Penicillin (100%), Amoxicillin (100%) and
Ampicillin (100%), Vankomycin (90%), Cephalexin (80%). The gram positive isolates were
highly sensitive to Levofloxacin (100%), Ofloxacin (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%) and
Gentamycin (100%), Novobiocin, Kanamycin and Tobramycin (80%). The isolates were
resistant to Cephalexin, Cloxacillin, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin (100%), Colistin and
Norofloxacin (60%).This study showed that the frequency of E. coli increases the probability
of urinary tract infection. It is now very necessary to develop new antimicrobials and
therapeutic agents having high effectiveness with no side effects, easy availability and less
expensive. | en_US |
