EFFECT ON IMMATURE EMBRYO CULTURE OF DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Seven genotypes of wheat including four released varieties were used in embryo culture to assess the totipotency of the tested genotypes. The N6 medium was used for callus induction green spots initiation. Four growth characters like, callus growth rate, relative fresh weight growth, relative growth rate and callus induction rate and five embryogenic characters e.g. embryo size (mm), number of embryos inoculated, number of calli induced, number of calli with green spots and green shooting were measured. The study was conducted from October, 2017 to July, 2018. The experiment was conducted at Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory under the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding. A 10 days embryo was placed on nutrient medium. Each genotype was containing 9 embryos. In significant test, all the parameters related callus induction found statistically significant among the seven genotypes. Three genotypes, like Satyn-17, Kanchan and Satyn-24 did not produce any green shoot; hence, these genotypes were not suitable for embryo culture. On the contrary, out of four released wheat varieties, BARI Gom-25 produced the highest green shoot (83%), which was followed by BARI gom-29 (71%). Therefore these two varieties might be incorporated in distant hybridization to get desirable genetic recombination through hybrid recue program through embryo culture. Correlation coefficients were estimated both in callus induction and growth characters. Five characters e.g. line callus growth rate, relative fresh weight growth, relative growth rate and callus growth index were included in the function, 7 pairs of combinations showed significant and positive correlation, particularly callus growth index showed strong association with other three characters. Likewise, five characters related to embryogenic properties were drawn into correlation analysis. Green spotting was treated as successful completion of embryo culture. Green spotting was positively and significantly correlate with number of embryos inoculated (0.826**) and number of calli (0.796**). It is stated that BARI Gom-25 produced the highest green shoot with 83%, which was followed by BARI gom-29 with 71%. Finally it may conclude that embryo culture protocol may successfully launch to obtain distantly related hybrids to study cytology as well as breeding values of different wheat genotypes. However, the developed wheat varieties of BARI in general have high totipotency to regenerate new seedling derive from immature embryos. After completion of investigation it may suggest that interspecific and intergeneric hybridization may be included in advanced breeding programs of wheat.