BIOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF DIABETIC PATIENTS OF DINAJPUR DISTRICT AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME LACTIC ACID PRODUCING BACTERIA (Streptococcus sp.) FROM FERMENTED RICE

Abstract

In 2013 according to International Diabetic Federation of Bangladesh (IDF) the prevalence of diabetes in Bangladesh was 6.3%, in 2017 6.9%, but some studies estimated 8.5% to 10%. Diabetes prevalence have also increased in the northern part of Bangladesh such as in Dinajpur. Till now no proper study have been conducted about the prevalence of diabetes with proper biochemical analysis in Dinajpur district. The reason for the increase of prevalence of diabetes mellitus is primarily due to smoking, sedentary lifestyle, excess carbohydrate intake, obesity, food and water toxicity and finally heavy metal deposition. The heavy metal(arsenic, cadmium, lead etc.) accumulation in the body can eventually affect pancreatic function which in turn can cause insulin resistance or halt insulin production leading to diabetes. Lactic acid bacteria can reduce the heavy metal content of food and water and therefore can be an exact solution to this problem. We have concluded in this experiment that fermented food such as rice can reduce the amount of heavy metal content by a sufficient margin. Lactic acid bacteria have been isolated from fermented rice and identified using 16s rDNA sequencing. A total of 1972 patients from various sub-districts of Dinajpur have been tested for blood glucose, pancreatic amylase dysfunction, kidney dysfunction, Liver dysfunction etc. Out of all the patients, 317 (16%) patients have been found to have diabetes, 19% patients have been found with pancreatic amylase dysfunction, 56 (7.4%) patients were affected with kidney disease and 19 (15.2%) have been found with liver disease. Meanwhile six different lactic acid bacteria have been isolated from fermented rice sample and pure colony have been grown on De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS) agar media. The 16s rDNA gene sequencing showed 99% homology with Streptococcus sp. The isolate strains Streptococcus sp. HSTU-1, Streptococcus sp. HSTU-3, Streptococcus sp. HSTU-4, Streptococcus sp. HSTU-6, Streptococcus sp. HSTU-7 and Streptococcus sp. HSTU-8 have been identified and submitted to National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession number MK100837, MK100838, MK100839, MK100840, MK100841, MK100842 respectively. The strains were subjected to biochemical analysis. This study showed anine month data of diabetes patients screening from different sub-districts of Dinajpur. About 19% of the patient have been found with pancreatic abnormalities which is correlated with their food habit including more than sufficient amount of rice in their diet. This proves that pancreatic abnormalities or dysfunction happens due to heavy metal (arsenic, cadmium, lead) toxicity from water, rice etc. Since the fermented rice revealed a diversity of Streptococcus sp. which has been reported in various articles to reduce the amount of heavy metal from food, we can conclude that by taking fermented rice samples the risk of diabetes or pancreatic dysfunction can be reduced by a sufficient margin. And by doing so, the prevalence of diabetes can substantially decrease.