A STEP TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINE AGAINST BOVINE MASTITIS

Abstract

Mastitis is the ultimate threat to the dairy industry throughout the world. It causes a major economic loss of dairy farmers. There are so many pathogenic organisms like Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneaumoniae other Streptococcus sp. responsible for it. Indigenous as well as crossbreeds are frequently affected by mastitis. The principle objective is to detect major pathogenic organisms from mastitis milk and development of vaccine candidate. All the mastitis milk samples are tested by CMT for the confirmation of mastitis. Organisms are isolated and identified by the cultural and biochemical test. After that molecular identification is done by PCR and RT-PCR. Gene amplification is done by 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA with reference primer that helps in their specification. Besides, phylogenetic analysis precisely specified the study isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the positive isolates performed by the disc diffusion method against fifteen (15) antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial patterns of isolates were also subjected to study by using house fly (Musca domestica). Among the isolates, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus; methicillin resistance (MRSA) appeared in all cases. Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus agalactiae and other Streptococcus sp. appeared about 50% or less from the isolates. Antibiogram study reveals that most of the isolates were MDR (Multi-Drug Resistance). Housefly (Musca domestica) were showed complete resistance in the case of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella sp. but showed good response in case of E. coli and Streptococcus agalactiae. Mastitis causing most important organisms that are characterized were used in the production of Polyvalent Formalin Inactivated Vaccine (PFIV) seed where colony forming unit (CFU) maintained. Antibiogram study helps to choose specific drug and formulated vaccine seed helps to immunize the dairy cows as well as protect the farmers from massive economic loses.