| dc.description | Diabetes mellitus, a complex metabolic disorder is an increasing concern, worldwide in
terms of health. The disorder affects more than 100 million people worldwide and by
2030 it is predicted to affect 366 million. Type 2 diabetes, the commonest form of the
disease globally, has now reached epidemic proportions in most parts of the world;
rapidly developing countries are the forefront of this epidemic (WHO, 2006). This
explosive increase in the prevalence of diabetes and the consequences of its
complications and associated disorders represent the greatest health care challenge the
world facing today. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Aqueous, chloroform and 80% ethanol extracts of both Clerodindrum infortuntum (CI)
leaves and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) stems were prepared by usual method and their
antidiabetic effect were studied in the type 2 diabetic model rats. Male Long—Evans rats
bred at BIRDEM animal house were used in the study. Type 2 diabetes was induced by a
single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to 48 hours old pups and three months
later after confirming with an IPGTT, type 2 rats were selected for experiment. The rats
were divided into seven groups. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight) and extracts (1.25
g/kg body weight) were administered orally for 28 consecutive days with single feeding.
The body weights of the rats were measured weekly. Serum glucose (glucose-oxidase),
serum lipids and serum creatinine were measured by the enzymatic colorimetric method.
At the beginning, the fasting serum glucose level (8.77-11.67 mmol/l) raised in all the
STZ induced type 2 rats. There was no significant difference in blood glucose level
among the groups (p=ns). Ethanol extract of C infortunatum leaves (ETCI) when
compared to control showed a significant antidiabetic effect on the 29" day(Fasting
blood glucose, mmol/L, M+SD,9.25+1.41 in control group vs 6.37+40.93 in ETCI treated
group p<0.009). As expected glibenclamide also significantly (p<0.023) reduced the
blood glucose level on the 29" day. The aqueous extract of C infortunatum leaves
(AqCI), aqueous extract of T cordifolia stem (AqTC), ethanol extract of T cordifolia
stem (ETTC) and chloroform extract of T cordifolia stem (CHTC) also reduced blood
glucose levels by 18.16, 23.24, 4.41 and 14.9%, respectively but the reduction was not
significant. Except CHTC all the groups showed significant antidiabetiic effect on the
final day (p<0.04-0.001). Atherogenic lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL
cholesterol) were found to decline by glibenclamide and 80% ETCI but the decrease was
not statistically significant. HDL cholesterol was found to rise by 80% ETCI, but no
significant change was found in the serum creatinine level in any group on the last day.
The body weights of the rats in all the groups increased compared to their initial weights.
In the second part of the study, chemical analyses of C infortunatum and T cordifolia
were done. The study revealed that the ethanol extract of CI exerts had better
hypoglycemic effect in comparison to TC extract in type-2 diabetic model rats. This
effect was at least partly mediated by pancreatic action of CI. Chemical investigation of
ETCI showed five different compounds at different Rr values, which were purified by
column chromatography, preparative TLC and finally by HPLC. Very interestingly, the
fraction-1 of Clerodendrum infortunatum (ETCI) showed significant insulin tropic effect
compared to other fractions. Structural study of the fraction 1 by spectroscopic studies
(like 1 H-NMR, '3 C-NMR, and Mass Spectroscopy study) indicated that it was the
chlorophillic compound Phaeophytin. | en_US |
