NANOPARTICLE TACTICS FOR THE ORAL DELIVERY OF INSULIN IN ALLOXAN INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIC RAT MODEL

Abstract

Oral delivery of insulin may significantly improve the quality of life of diabetes patients who routinely receive insulin by the subcutaneous route. However, the oral delivery of insulin remains a challenge because its oral absorption is limited. The main barriers faced by insulin in the gastrointestinal tract are degradation by proteolytic enzymes and lack of transport across the intestinal epithelium. Polymeric nanoparticles are suitable colloidal carriers for insulin delivery and many investigations have been performed for the administration of oral route. The present study was carried out to evaluate the nanoparticle tactics for the oral delivery of insulin in the alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rat model. Twenty male rats at the age of four months were randomly assigned into four groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3). After acclimatization diabetes was induced in three groups of rats (T1, positive control, T2, was treated insulin T3 was treated insulin with nanoparticles) by administered alloxan injection a dose of 120mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Group T0 was kept for negative control while T1 was kept positive control. T2 was considered as insulin-treated group @ 21.I.U/kg and T3 is treated of insulin with nanoparticles of the same dose as insulin. Throughout the trial, observations were recorded for blood glucose level, body weight, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Blood glucose levels were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in all treated groups compared to the negative control group. Similarly, body weight was decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in all alloxan treated groups compared to the negative control. There was a significant decrease in blood glucose level in insulin with nanoparticle treated group (T3) compared to only the insulin-treated group (T2) and (T1) that was received alloxan. The present study shows that oral administration of insulin with nanoparticles was significantly decreased blood glucose levels and increased body weight. It can be concluded that oral insulin supplementation with nanoparticles may have a significant effect on hyperglycemic control.