Dept. of Anatomy & Histology

Effect of different dosage of dietary lead (Pb) on biochemical and gross and histomorphological changes in different organs of commercial broiler

2022-08-31T10:41:54Z

Effect of different dosage of dietary lead (Pb) on biochemical and gross and histomorphological changes in different organs of commercial broiler MONJUR, DR. TAZVI Poultry industry in Bangladesh is involved with livelihood of millions of people and also a source of animal protein for all classes of people. Such beneficial sector may be the cause of public health hazard due to the heavy metal exposure & accumulation in poultry tissues. The present study was aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Pb exposure in broiler chicken. For this purpose, a total number of 72 broiler chicks (Cobb-500,12th day old) were assigned in four dietary treatments with three replicates. Control group received only basal diet without any supplementation. The other groups T1, T2 and T3 received Pb with supplemented feed at a dose level of 10, 30 and 50mg/kg feed respectively. The body weight of each bird was weighed at 3 days interval and found significant variations among the groups. Decrease in weight gain is due to malabsorption of nutrients from direct toxic effects of lead on the gastrointestinal tract or by inhibition of protein synthesis. Blood and tissue samples were collected on the 42nd days of dietary treatment. Lead caused elevation of SGPT/ALT (P<0.01) and decreased serum creatinine attributed to pathological lesions including enlarged, pale & friable liver, swollen kidneys and splenomegaly in experimental groups. Histopathological lesions in liver included cirrhosis and necrosis in all treated groups. In kidney, glomerulus was filled with reactive cells in group T1 while fibrosis and necrosis were found in groups fed Pb at higher doses (T2 &T3). It was concluded that lead toxicity in broiler feed had a dose dependent effect on body weight gain, blood parameters, gross and histological changes. A THESIS BY DR. TAZVI MONJUR Registration No. 1605158 Semester: Jan-June, 2017 Session: 2016-2017 Submitted to the Department of Anatomy and Histology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, In Partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (M. S.) IN ANATOMY

COMPARATIVE HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NON-AFFECTED AND AFFECTED MAJOR DIGESTIVE ORGANS (PROVENTRICULUS AND CAECUM) BY NEW CASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN BROILER CHICKEN

2022-08-31T10:41:54Z

COMPARATIVE HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NON-AFFECTED AND AFFECTED MAJOR DIGESTIVE ORGANS (PROVENTRICULUS AND CAECUM) BY NEW CASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN BROILER CHICKEN ALAM, MD. RASHEDUL The experiment was undertaken to observe the gross and microscopic appearences of the digestive organs (proventriculus, caecum) of broiler chicken affected and immunized with Newcastle disease. The study was designed to investigate conditionsof NDV in the small scale commercial broiler farmshed different region in Dinajpur district. The duration of experiment was 1 year from July, 2014 to June, 2015. On gross and microscopic examination of New Castle disease affected and non-affected digestive organs like provenrticulus and caecum that are collected freshly from different farms was subjected for New Castle Disease condition and observed those digestive (proventriculus and caecum) organs in chicken after New Castle disease vaccine. Organs were cleaned with normal neutral saline and the changes were recorded. The study were done to observe clinical sign, gross lessions, microscopic lessions and the changes of the digestive organs of the affected and immunized birds. Different organs mainly proventriculus & caecum were collected, preserved and processed for histological and histopathological examination. The clinical signs were sneezing, caughing, depression, torticolis of neck, white greenish diarrhoea,and paralysis of leg. At necropsy severe haemorrhages in the provenrticulus, caecal tonsils,and intestine. Histopathologically in provenrticulus distortion of the normal structure of the tissue, globular destruction, haemorrhage and severe epithelial layer destruction. Total 97 diseased and death birds (From 10 farms) were examined out of which 48 birds were found to be positive for NDV. The mortality was higher in nonvaccinated than in vaccinated birds. A Thesis By MD. RASHEDUL ALAM Registration No. 1405096 Semester: January-June, 2015 Session: 2014-2015 Submitted to the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.S.) IN ANATOMY

COMPARATIVE HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NON-AFFECTED AND AFFECTED LYMPHOID ORGANS BY NEWCASTLE DISEASE (ND) IN BROILER CHICKEN

2022-08-31T10:41:54Z

COMPARATIVE HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NON-AFFECTED AND AFFECTED LYMPHOID ORGANS BY NEWCASTLE DISEASE (ND) IN BROILER CHICKEN ALAM, DR. MD. AKTHARUL Newcastle disease (ND) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry and is a limiting disease for poultry producers worldwide. Newcastle disease (ND) has been considered as one of the important viral diseases. Poultry production is an easy and efficient way of producing animal protein. With less capital investment relatively more profit could be earned by producing poultry. About 31.5 percent people live under malnutrition (Brad Field, 2010). The average quantity of protein uptake by people is insufficient per head per day where as desirable requirement is decreasing daily per head day by day. At present there are more than about 30,000 commercial broiler and layer farms are supplying 260 thousand metric ton poultry meat and 5.21 billion table eggs per year (Rahman, 2003). The current investment in poultry sector is about 22 billion taka and a total of about 5 million people are working presently in this sector (Rahman, 2003). The poultry population of Bangladesh has increased from around 71 million in 1986 to around 188 million in 2006, an increase of about 164 percent in 20 years (FAO 2008, BBS 2006). Poultry can be an important tool to fight poverty not only for this group of people but also for the distressed women as poultry requires minimum land, short capital and skill. Despite the special emphasis of the state on this sector, the development of poultry industry is seriously threatened by the outbreaks of acute contagious and fatal diseases. Among them Newcastle diseases (ND), also known as Ranikhet diseases, is one of the major problems in the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh. It causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry due to high mortality, morbidity, stress, decreased egg production and hatchability throughout the world (Alexander, 2000) including Bangladesh (Kafi et al., 2003). ND has been recognized as one of the major problems of the large and small poultry industries in Bangladesh (Islam et al., 1998; Rahman and Samad, 2003) and it causes up to 40-60% of total mortality among poultry population in Bangladesh (Talha et al., 2001). Mortality and morbidity is very high in this case. Occurrence of the disease is reportable and may result in trade restrictions. The purpose of this study was to observe the histomorphological and histopathological features of the major lymphoid organs of Newcastle Disease affected chicken in Dinajpur vi district of Bangladesh. The investigation carried out in different farms of mentioned area. The investigation was conducted from 1st July’14 to 30th June’15. On gross and microscopic examination of lymphoid organs like thymus, spleen, cecal tonsil and bursa fabricious that are collected freshly from different farms was subjected for Newcastle Disease condition and observed these lymphoid organs in chicken affected with Newcastle Disease. Organs were cleaned with normal neutral saline and the changes were recorded. A total of ten farms (5 days to 35 days old) has been selected where total number of birds were 5000. Birds were divided into ten groups, each group contained 300-700 birds; namely A (N= 400), B (N = 600), C (N-300), D (N-700), E (700), F (N-300), G (N-350), H (N-650), I (N-500), J (N-500). After gross and microscopic study I found that mortality was 1.52 times higher in the non-vaccinated birds due to NDV. Clinical signs were marked depression, prostration, droopy wings, muscle tremor, greenish white diarrhea, edema of the head, inactive, weak, accompanied by the nervous signs (torticollis) are major. Gross changes were occur like swollen and molted spleen, enlargement of cecal tonsil with hemorrhage, swollen and yellowish bursa, thymic enlargement etc. In the spleen Lymphocytes degeneration, necrosis, nuclear pyknosis etc. and hemorrhages, congestion in mucosa, necrosis etc in caecal tonsil has been observed. In Bursa of Fabricius lymphoid depletion, lymphocytolysis, marked interfollicular fibrosis, glandular transformation of epithelium occurred. Medullary lynphocytolysis in thymus are common histopathological changes has been observed in the thymus. Overall the performance of ND affected birds were remarkably reduced which is directly influenced the profitability of the farmers. A Thesis By DR. MD. AKTHARUL ALAM Registration: 1405097 Semester: January-June’15 Session: 2014-2015 Submitted to the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.S.) IN ANATOMY

Effects of Age on Muscular Growth and Meat Characteristics in Cobb-500 and Ross Broiler Chicken

2022-08-31T10:41:54Z

Effects of Age on Muscular Growth and Meat Characteristics in Cobb-500 and Ross Broiler Chicken DVM, MD. SAIDUR RAHMAN, This experiment was undertaken to show the effects of age on muscular growth and meat characteristics in Cobb-500 and Ross broiler chicken. A total of 288 live birds of both strains were randomly collected from 16 different broiler farm of Dinajpur, Rangpur and Nilphamari districts at D1, D7, Dis, Dn, D2g and Ds5. The live birds were carried to the Anatomy and Histology laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, where the weight of live birds, carcass, major cut portions (breast, thigh and drumsticks), and total fat were measured by using electric balance. A part of those Anatomic structures were preserved, processed, sectioned and stained for histological study as well as the detection inter- and intra-muscular fat deposition, adipocytes and collagen content, myofiber and adipocyte thickness. All the collected data were calculated by one sample t-test and then transferred to analytical software SPSS (Version 11.5) for analysis. The average highest live weight at Dss was recorded 1860.1816.29g in Cobb-500 and 1640.47+7.57g in Ross broiler strains. The average carcasses weights at Di, D7, Dis, Dn, D2g and Dss were recorded as 14.90 +0.53g, 27.8540.30g, 85.3140.82g, 211.9444.31g, 618.36 +0.92g and 1289.0545.39g¢ for Cobb-500 and in case of Ross strains 12.89+0.41g, 25.8340.38g, 82.09+0.35g, 210.5842.66¢g, 565.5542.41¢ and 1133.8043.51g, respectively. Differences in dressing percentages (DP) between Cobb-500 and Ross strains were found statistically significant (P<0.01) at Di, D7, Dis and non significant (P>0.05) at Dx, Dzg and Dss. Highest DP was recorded at Dss which was 69.2940.11¢ in Cobb-500 and 69.12+0.12 in Ross strains. At Di, D7, Dis, Du, D2g and Dss heaviest breast, thighs and drumsticks were recorded in Cobb-500 in comparison to those of Ross broiler but higher lean: bone ratio at D7, Dn and Dss and lower fat (%) at Di, Du, Dzg and Dss were recorded in Ross strain. The length, breadth, thickness and weight of pectoralis thoracis, supracoracoideus, iliotibialis lateralis, iliotibialis cranialis, biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles were higher in Cobb-500 at every studied age. Histologically, the collagen content was lower in breast and thigh muscles at Dz and thigh muscle at Dss of Ross strain. More intramuscular fat and thicker adipocyte were found in Cobb-500. The myocytes were thinner in breast muscle and thicker in thigh muscle at D2g and Dss of Cobb-500 strain in comparison to those of Ross strain. In conclusion, for unique muscular growth Cobb-500 may be recommended for small scale farming system and for better meat quality Ross may be suggested to meat industries and consumers. New food sources and raw matters are reclaimed by the quick and uncontrolled increase of human population and of its higher life standards, as well. Meat is found on the top of food matters and poultry hybrids could provide high quality meat at large amount, at relatively low prices and short time and can be easily processed at a large variety of specific products (Teusan et al., 2009). Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about the chicken hybrids bred (Cobb-500 and Ross) for meat in Bangladesh, mainly concerning those aspects related to the muscular growth and meat characteristics from the carcasses. Bangladesh provides a very fertile virgin field for broiler chicken farming and is encouraging new investment in this sector (Rahman, 2007). It is indeed a very promising and flourishing arena of the country’s economical development procedure and it is one of the most effective and active factor which make the globalization concept actually work and strengthen the future economical structure of the world.